General Zia-ul-Haq’s Era (1977–1988) – Political Islam, Afghan War & Martial Law
General Zia-ul-Haq’s Era in Pakistan (1977–1988): Islamization, War, and Political Shifts Martial Law and Overthrow of Bhutto: On July 5, 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s civilian government after allegations of rigged elections and rising civil unrest under the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA). Zia imposed Martial Law and suspended the constitution. Initially promising elections in 90 days, Zia delayed them indefinitely. Execution of Bhutto: In 1979, Zia’s military regime convicted Bhutto in a controversial murder trial concerning the death of Nawab Mohammad Ahmad Khan Kasuri. Despite global outcry, Bhutto was hanged on April 4, 1979, in Rawalpindi, becoming the first elected leader in Pakistan's history to be executed by the state. Islamization Policies: Zia launched a vigorous Islamization campaign. He introduced Shariah laws, established Federal Shariat Court, and made Arabic and Islamic Studies compulsory. Hudood Ordinances were...